Ever hear or see a logo shaped picture of a Penguin in the cafe or in computer stores?Well if you ever saw it you would also know by the name Linux, an OS (Operating System) is based on Open Source. Where we are free to work with this OS and widely used by people who love tinkering with programming languages.
On this occasion we would love share info origin of the name of Linux itself.
- Linux or GNU / Linux is a free operating system that is very popular for computers.The term Linux or GNU / Linux (GNU) was also used as a reference to the whole Linux distribution (Linux distribution), in which included other programs supporting the operating system. Examples of these programs are web servers, programming languages, databases, desktop display (Desktop Environment) (such as GNOME and KDE), and office applications (office suite), such as OpenOffice.org, KOffice, Abiword, Gnumeric. Distro Linux has experienced rapid growth in terms of popularity, so the more popular version of UNIX systems that use license and paid (proprietary) and other free UNIX version that was originally rival Microsoft Windows dominance in the few.
Linux supports a lot of computer hardware, and has been used in a variety of equipment from personal computers, supercomputers and embedded systems (embedded systems), such as cell phones (mobile phone) and personal video recorder.
Initially, Linux was made, developed, and is used by devotees only. Linux now has support from big companies like IBM and Hewlett-Packard. Analysts think the success of information technology is because Linux does not depend on the vendor (vendor independence), low operational cost, and high compatibility than the proprietary Unix versions, and the factor of safety and stability compared with Microsoft Windows. These characteristics also be evidence of the excellence model of open source software development (opensource software).
- History
The Linux kernel was originally written as a hobby project by Linus Torvalds Finland university students who study at the University of Helsinki, to make Minix kernel is free and can be edited. (Minix is a Unix-like project lesson made for easy to use and not for commercial use.) Version 0:01 issued to the Internet in September 1991, Version 12:02 on October 5, 1991. [1]
Next, thousands upon thousands of writers around the world volunteer program has accompanied this project.History of the Linux operating system is closely related to the GNU project, the project known freeware free program is headed by Richard Stallman. The GNU project started in 1983 to create a complete Unix-style operating systems - compilers, utilities, applications, utilities, manufacturing and so on - was created entirely with free software. In 1991, when the first version of the Linux framework was written, the GNU project has produced almost all the components of this system - except the kernel. Torvalds and the Linux kernel as manufacturers adjust their kernel in order to work properly with GNU components, and so spend enough operating system to function. Therefore, Linux is the last room in the design complements the GNU.
Although the Linux kernel is licensed under the GNU General Public License, he instead of from the GNU project.Tux, a Penguin, a logo and mascot for Linux. Linux is a trademark (SN: 1916230) owned by Linus Torvalds. Linux is listed as a "computer operating system program for the use of computers and operations." The trademark was registered after an incident in which a forger named William R Della Croce Jr. began sending letters to all distributors of Linux and Linux is a trademark megklaim hakmiliknya and ask for a royalty of 10% of them. The Linux distributors began to push for a genuine trademark given to Linus Torvalds. Linux trademark licensing now under the supervision of the Linux Mark Institute.
- Linux Distributions
Linux Distro (short for Linux distributions) is a term for computer operating systems and applications, is a family of Unix that uses the Linux kernel. Linux distributions can include free software and can also include commercial software such as Red Hat Enterprise, SuSE, and others.
There are many distributions of linux that has emerged. Some survived and grew, even to produce a derivative distro, for example, is Distro Debian GNU / Linux. This distro has produced dozens of child distributions, including Ubuntu, Knoppix, Xandros, DSL, and so forth.
To get a linux distro, you can download it directly from the distributors site relevant distro, or buy from local vendors.
Linux distributions can be categorized based on package management system, free and no, the purpose of manufacture, the basic software used, and so forth.
- Debian-based free distributions:
* 64Studio
* Adamantix
* Amber Linux
* Beatrix
* Bonzai Linux
* Debian
* Debian-BR-CDD
* DeveLinux
* Finnix
* GenieOS
* Gnoppix
* Guadalinex
* Hiweed
* Kalango
* Kanotix
* Knoppix
* Kuliax (a Linux distribution developed by Indonesia)
* Kurumin
* LinEx
* Linux Loco
* MeNTOPPIX
* Morphix
* NepaLinux
* PingOO
* Skolelinux
* Sun Wah Rays LX
* Symphony OS
* Ubuntu
o Edubuntu
o Kubuntu
o Xubuntu
o De2
* Xandros
* Zen Linux
- RPM-based distribution
* ALinux
* ALT Linux
* Annvix
* Ark Linux
* ASPLinux
* Aurox
* Berry Linux
* BLAG Linux and GNU
* BlankOn (a Linux distribution developed by Indonesia)
* Caixa Mágica
* Caos Linux
* CentOS
* Cobind
* Conectiva
* EduLinux
* Engarde Secure Linux
* Fedora Core
* Fox Linux
* IGOS (a linux distro developed by Indonesia)
* Linux Mobile System
* Magic Linux
* NOPPENLINUX
* PCLinuxOS
* PCQLinux2005
* PLD Linux Distribution
- Mandrake / mandriva
- Free distribution based on Slackware
* Slackware
* AliXe
* Austrumi
* BackTrack
* Bluewhite64 Linux
* College Linux
* Cytrun Linux
* Darkstar
* DeepStyle
* Easys GNU / Linux
* Frugalware
* Hardened Linux
* Kate OS
* Plamo Linux
* SLAX
* Sauver
* Slackintosh
* Slamd64
* Splack Linux
* TopologiLinux
* Truva Linux
* Ultima Linux
* Vector Linux
* Wolvix
* 0x7F GNU / Linux
* Zenwalk Linux (formerly MiniSlack)
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| Network WLAN Sample |
Linux users, who generally do their own install and configuration of the system, are more likely to understand the technology than users of Microsoft Windows or Mac OS. They are often called hacker or geek. But this stereotype decreases with the increase in user-friendly nature and the extent of users of Linux distributions. Linux has made a pretty good achievement in the server computer market and special purpose computer, such as image rendering engine and a web server. Linux is also gaining popularity in the desktop computer market.
Linux is a principle to the combination of LAMP-server program, short for Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl / PHP / Python. LAMP has achieved widespread popularity among Web developers.Linux is also often used as an embedded operating system. The cost of procurement of cheap Linux allows its use in equipment such as the Simputer, the low-cost computers aimed at low-income populations in developing countries.
With desktop environments like KDE and GNOME, Linux offers a user interface more like Apple Macintosh or Microsoft Windows instead of a text line interface such as Unix. Therefore, more graphics program can be found on Linux that offers a variety of functions in a commercial utility.
- Market Share And Ease of Use
Linux was originally just an operating system that is used by computer enthusiasts, has become the system more user-friendly, with charts antaramuka variety of applications that is more similar to other operating systems, rather than the Unix command line. However, this impression has caused much criticism, including from supporters of Linux. They argue that Linux and free program project has yet to reach "factor ke'mudahan'an in the use of" satisfactory. The question of ke'mudah'an Linux than Windows or Macintosh is still the issue of hot debate. Linux market in the computer "desktop" is still rather small but growing. Institute for Market According to IDC, a large market for Linux in 2002 was 25% for the server market, and 2.8% for the personal computer market.
For those who are only familiar with Windows or Macintosh, Linux may seem more difficult due to differences in performing various computer work. And again, users need to exchange programs that are often used, because the program was not found in Linux (or rather limited options, such as computer games). Another factor is the nature of doubt users who feel hard to let go of their operating system (many users still use Windows). In addition, most computers shipped with Windows is ready to wear (preinstalled). These factors led to the development of Linux is rather slow.
However, excess Linux as a low cost, security is more secure, and not rely on vendors, has increased its use widespread among corporations and offices. In this situation, the obstacles mentioned above can be reduced because only the application / utility that is limited in use, as well as administration and configuration of the computer (administration) is controlled by a group of IT experts working a little.
There are numerous studies conducted limited cost and ke'mudahan'an Linux. Relevantive, (an institute based in Berlin, which specializes in the research institute of ke'mudahan'an program, as well as web services), have made the conclusion that free ke'dapatpakai'an Linux to work with the computer "desktop" is almost the same as Windows XP. However, the study by IDC (funded by Microsoft) claims that Linux has a cost of ownership (Total Cost of Ownership) is higher than Windows.
Linux is also often criticized for development schedule unpredictable. By default, cause users with Linux Enterprise less space than other operating systems (Source: Marcinkowski, 2003). The options are many in terms of Linux distributions is also said to confuse the consumer, and vendor programs.
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| Linux Sample |
Linux installation is a difficult process often becomes a barrier for new users, but this process now becomes much easier. With the acceptance of Linux by some major personal computer manufacturer, installed computer (built up) with many Linux distributions available. In addition, there is also a Linux distribution that can be run (boot) directly from optical disc (CD) without the need to be installed to hard disk (hard disk), this is known as the Live CD. Sample distribution in the form of Live CD is Knoppix / Gnoppix, Kubuntu / Ubuntu and Gentoo. Currently, almost all Linux distributions provide a version of the Live CD for its product. ISO image to optical disc for Linux distributions usually can be downloaded from the Internet, burned to a CD, and then can be used as a CD that is ready for the boot process.
- Configuration
Linux configuration settings and applications on it much was done through a text file in the directory / etc. In further developments, utilities such as linuxconf and GNOME System Tools facilitate this work through the graphical interface. Nevertheless, the command line (command line) remains the most common way used.
- Support
Support for Linux is usually obtained through a peer (in this context means user groups linux / Ltsp) - other Linux users on the internet forums, IRC, newsgroups and mailing lists. Linux User Groups (LUG, Linux Users Group) has been established throughout the world to help local users, new users and experienced users. In Indonesia, this group incorporated in Ltsp Ltsp areas such as Jakarta, Bandung Ltsp, Ltsp Jogja and many more. Assistance including installation, use, procurement and promote the development of a Linux system.
Commercial support for Linux distributions in general use business model by providing technical support. Third-party support is also available.- Scale Linux Development
A study (More Than a Gigabuck: estimating the GNU / Linux 's Size [2]) on Red Hat Linux 7.1 found that this distribution contained 30 million lines of source code (''source lines of code (SLOC )''). Using the COCOMO cost model of this study show that this distribution takes the development of as many as 8000 years, when the software was developed by conventional proprietary way. And will spend approximately 1:08 billion dollars (2000 dollars) to be developed in the United States.
The majority of the code (71%) written in C, but many other languages are used, including C + + shell scripts, Lisp, assembly language, Perl, Fortran and Python.- About half of the code is licensed under the GPL.
The Linux kernel contains 2.4 million lines of code, or about 8% of the total code that is used in a distribution / distribution. This shows that the majority of Linux distribution consists of code that is not contained in the Linux Kernel.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article was written and circulated by Guntur Suhada on BeZhare from source of Linux to your knowledge, please do not take and pass on any sites without the knowledge of this site. Or if necessary, you can pass it on any site to include the name of the author of this article. We appreciate the authenticity of writings that we make here. Thank you for your attention.
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